Search results for "drug exposure"

showing 2 items of 2 documents

DALI: Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Are Current -Lactam Antibiotic Doses Sufficient for Critically Ill Patients?

2014

Background. Morbidity and mortality for critically ill patients with infections remains a global healthcare problem. We aimed to determine whether α-lactam antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients achieves concentrations associated with maximal activity and whether antibiotic concentrations affect patient outcome.Methods. This was a prospective, multinational pharmacokinetic point-prevalence study including 8 α-lactam antibiotics. Two blood samples were taken from each patient during a single dosing interval. The primary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets were free antibiotic concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the pathogen at both 50% (50% f TMIC) an…

MaleInternational CooperationAntibioticsadverse eventintensive care unitlaw.invention0302 clinical medicinemeropenemModels[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseasesadverse events; continuous infusion; extended infusion; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Blood Chemical Analysis; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; International Cooperation; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Models Statistical; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; beta-Lactams; Critical Illnessantibiotic therapyProspective Studiesamoxicillin plus clavulanic acidComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSbeta lactam antibioticAPACHE0303 health sciencescritical illneadultclinical trial3. Good healthcontinuous infusion; extended infusion; adverse events; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics.antiinfective agent[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitologypriority journaldisease severitybeta-Lactamstatistical model Agedprospective studyHumanMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtydrug exposureCritical IllnessImmunologybloodstream infectionMicrobial Sensitivity Testspiperacillin plus tazobactambeta-LactamsMicrobiologybeta lactam abdominal infection03 medical and health sciencescritically ill patientIntensive careAnti-Bacterial AgentcefepimepharmacodynamicsHumansDosingAdverse effectAgedModels Statistical030306 microbiologyOdds ratiomajor clinical studymortalityantibiotic sensitivityceftriaxoneProspective Studiemulticenter studypharmacodynamics.ampicillinBlood Chemical AnalysisCeftazidimeSettore MED/41 - AnestesiologiaInterquartile rangelaw030212 general & internal medicinepharmacokineticlung infectionMicrobial Sensitivity TestarticleBacterial InfectionsMiddle AgedStatisticalcontinuous infusionIntensive care unitAnti-Bacterial Agentsextended infusionIntensive Care UnitsInfectious DiseasesTreatment Outcomeadverse events; continuous infusion; extended infusion; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Blood Chemical Analysis; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; International Cooperation; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Models Statistical; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; beta-Lactams; Critical Illness; Microbiology (medical); Infectious Diseasescefazolin[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunologyblood samplingFemalepharmacokineticsmedicine.drugmedicine.drug_classprevalencedoripenemminimum inhibitory concentrationBacterial InfectionInternal medicinemedicinecontrolled studyblood analysibusiness.industryBlood Chemical Analysiadverse eventsSurgerypharmacodynamicdrug blood levelbusiness
researchProduct

Nitrate and nitrite in the diet: How to assess their benefit and risk for human health

2015

Nitrate is a natural constituent of the human diet and an approved food additive. It can be partially converted to nitrogen monoxide, which induces vasodilation and thereby decreases blood pressure. This effect is associated with a reduced risk regarding cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Moreover, dietary nitrate has been associated with beneficial effects in patients with gastric ulcer, renal failure, or metabolic syndrome. Recent studies indicate that such beneficial health effects due to dietary nitrate may be achievable at intake levels resulting from the daily consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables. N-nitroso compounds are endogenously formed in humans. However…

risk analysisNitriteischemia-reperfusion injuryPhysiologyBenefitNitric OxideToxicologyNitratereduces blood-pressureNitric oxidechemistry.chemical_compoundNitrateRisk FactorsNeoplasmsVegetablesmedicineAnimalsHumansfluke opisthorchis-viverriniNitritenih-aarp dietNitritesToxicologiecolorectal-cancer riskCarcinogenRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicVLAGNitratesChemistryN-nitroso compoundsmedicine.diseasenitrosatable drug exposureDietMeat ProductsDisease Models Animaln-nitroso compoundsBlood pressureBiochemistryNitrosationMetabolic syndromecoronary-heart-diseaseRisk assessmentBiomarkersNitroso Compoundsinorganic nitrateneural-tube defectsFood ScienceBiotechnology
researchProduct